The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). King Philip of Spain sent an. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. he could also overthrow her. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. Topic guides / Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. France was at war with England and Spain. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Edward VI - Wikipedia [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. LS23 6AD Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. VAT reg no 816865400. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Henry himself gave people cause . Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. 214 High Street, Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Spain and France were the major European powers. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. - send 2000 to rebels. to answer the Section Focus Question: Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. - Leith blockade. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Boston Spa, This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Boston Spa, Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings.

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